Osteopontin in Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

Despite significant advances in the understanding of cancer biology, is still a leading cause death worldwide. Expression tumor microenvironment component, osteopontin, tissues, plasma, and serum, has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis survival rate various human cancers. Recent studies suggest that osteopontin drives development aggressiveness using strategies. In this review, we first provide an overview how promotes progression, such as growth, invasion, angiogenesis, immune modulation, well metastasis chemoresistance. Next, address functional activities are modulated by interaction integrins CD44 receptors, but also post-translational modification, proteolytic processing several proteases, phosphorylation, glycosylation. Then, review activates tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), functions immunosuppressor regulating surveillance checkpoint microenvironment. Finally, discuss potential applications biomarker therapeutic target.